What is vibration table for casting and Why Do We Use Them?

Vibrating tables are found in many industrial processes, especially where powders and granulated dry materials are being handled.

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They are also useful for removing entrapped air from liquids in casting applications, ensuring a uniform and complete void-free filling of the mould.

The vibration is made possible by special motors that have a weight mounted eccentrically, to throw the torque off balance. The centrifugal force from this ‘eccentric rotating mass’ (ERM) translates the rotary motion into an up-and-down / side-to-side oscillation. A ‘3-D’ multidirectional vibration or unidirectional vibration can be produced to suit the application, depending on the number and configuration of motors installed.

Vibrating tables are used in many packaging, testing and casting processes, whilst vibrating motors can be designed and built into other machines that require sections such as conveyors, hoppers, beds or tanks to vibrate.

Examples of vibration in different applications

Concrete product manufacture

The proper compaction of concrete is essential in controlling the uniform quality, density and strength of pre-cast concrete items such as pavers, posts, lintels, and beams. Vibrating the mould during the pour eliminates voids and air pockets, producing a solid and compact component with predictable strength.

Resin and plaster castings

Air bubbles can form in casting resins and plasters, either from the physical mixing stage or from off-gassing during product cure. Working on a vibrating table helps release these bubbles early on, preventing problems with aesthetics and performance in the finished article.

Metal foundry casting

Vibration tables can speed up and improve the process of making iron castings from foundry, or ‘green’ sand. By compacting the loose sand into every gap, the accuracy and finish of the subsequent casting is better.

Filling or emptying packaging or containers

Vibration speeds up the moving of bulk material from one vessel to another, and reduces wastage. Shaking out the material prevents clumping and bridging, enabling rapid, uninterrupted and complete emptying. Vibrating the packaging as it is filled, densifies and settles the material, allowing for full container loads which reduces transport, packaging material and storage costs (typically up to 20%-25%) when compared to non-settled filling.

Fatigue Testing

Accelerated aging and fatigue testing means a prototype can be tested against a standard or existing product to see how it reacts to multiple shocks and strain. It enables iterative engineering improvements by identifying weaknesses in structures.

Frequency, displacement, velocity and acceleration

The frequency and amplitude can be varied by the RPM (speed of motor) and the mass and distance from the shaft of the eccentric weight. Displacement and acceleration are largely down to motor size choice.

The vibration force can be calculated as shown in the formulas below:

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Frequency (f) = RPM/60
Force = mass of the weight x weight’s distance from centre of shaft x f2

Basically, in simple terms this means the heavier the weight, the further off-balance it is, and the faster it spins…the greater the vibration.

Summary

Understanding and controlling vibration is important to many industrial machinery applications. Whilst unintentional vibration can cause (or signal) issues with rotary equipment, vibratory power can be harnessed to help move and process many challenging materials.

Vibration tables are workbenches for performing tasks that benefit from a powerful and controlled vibrating action. By engineering the characteristics of the vibrating motor, the table vibration can be matched so suit the application’s requirements.

A vibration table is a machine used to settle, compact, and consolidate materials. The table typically consists of a flat surface that vibrates at a high frequency, usually between 60 and 300 Hz, depending on the specific application.

Here are some of the main uses of a vibration table:

1. Settling and compacting materials: Vibration tables are used to settle and compact materials such as concrete, sand, food ingredients, and powders. The vibration causes the materials to settle and remove any air pockets or voids, resulting in a denser and more uniform material.

2. Removing air bubbles: In foundry casting and concrete casting applications, vibration tables are used to remove air bubbles from the material, resulting in a more accurate and consistent casting or concrete product.

3. Reducing settling during transport: In packaging applications, vibration tables are used to settle and compact products such as powders and granules to reduce settling during transport and ensure a consistent fill levl in containers.

4. Simulating vibration effects: In material testing applications, vibration tables are used to simulate the effects of vibration on materials, such as earthquake testing on building components. This helps to ensure that materials and products are designed to withstand real -world vibration conditions.

Application Industry of Vibration Table

Vibration tables are widely used in many industries. Here are some industries where shakers are commonly used:

1. Foundry: Used in casting applications in foundries, they help remove air bubbles from casting materials, resulting in more consistent and accurate casting.

2. Construction: used for settlement and compaction of concrete and other construction materials, so that the materials are more dense and uniform.

3. Food processing: used for sedimentation and compaction of food ingredients such as flour, sugar and spices, so that the measurement of ingredients is more consistent and accurate.

4. Packaging: Used for settling and compacting products such as powders and granules, reducing settling during transportation and ensuring consistent filling levels in containers.

5. Material testing: used in material testing applications to simulate the effect of vibration on materials, such as seismic testing of building components.

6. Electronics: Used in the electronics industry to place and position precision electronic components to ensure they are properly aligned before soldering.

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