54 Grundlegende chirurgische Instrumente und deren Verwendung in der Medizin ...

Did you know that the entire practice of a surgeon relies on the availability of 54 essential surgical instruments, alongside other necessities?

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Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the essential surgical tools used in medical procedures.

All common instruments in the operating room and basic surgical tools are specially designed. As a result, they play a critical role in various surgical specialties, whether in general surgery or specialized procedures.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore all types of surgical instruments, their names, and their functions.

So, read on!

Table of 54 Essential Surgical Instruments and Their Uses

No.	Name of Surgical Instruments	Usage in Medical Procedures
1	Scalpel	Incisions and precise cutting
2	Forceps	Grasping, holding, and manipulating tissues
3	Retractor	Keeping incisions open and exposing areas
4	Scissors	Cutting tissues and sutures
5	Needle Holder	Holding and passing sutures through tissues
6	Tissue Forceps	Holding and manipulating delicate tissues
7	Trocars	Creating access points for minimally invasive surgery
8	Bone Saw	Cutting bones during orthopedic procedures
9	Rongeur	Removing bone fragments and tissues
10	Surgical Drill	Drilling into bones
11	Speculum	Examining and accessing body cavities
12	Curette	Scraping or debriding tissues
13	Retractor	Exposing the surgical field and organs
14	Clamps	Applying clamps to close blood vessels
15	Stapler	Closing and sealing tissue incisions
16	Electrocautery	Cutting, coagulating, and sealing blood vessels
17	Suture	Stitching incisions and closing wounds
18	Corn Clamp	Temporarily occluding blood vessels
19	Nasal Speculum	Examining nasal passages
20	Anoscope	Examining the anus and rectum
21	Tendonotomy Scissors	Cutting tendons
22	Biopsy Punch	Collecting tissue samples for examination
23	Rib Spreader	Opening the chest for thoracic procedures
24	Transplant Knife	Preparing grafts
25	Retina Scissors	Cutting delicate structures in eye surgeries
26	Ligature Carrier	Placing and tying ligatures
27	Spinal Needle	Administering anesthesia or withdrawing fluids
28	Endoscope	Visualizing internal structures
29	Gastroscope	Examining the gastrointestinal tract
30	Catheters	Introducing and draining fluids
31	Ophthalmoscope	Examining the interior of the eye
32	Tonsillectomy	Removing tonsils
33	Cystoscope	Examining the bladder
34	Bone Clamp	Holding bone fragments in place
35	Trocars	Draining fluids or creating access points
36	Rib Cutter	Cutting ribs during thoracic procedures
37	Babcock Forceps	Grasping and manipulating delicate tissues
38	Abdominal Retractor	Exposing the abdominal cavity
39	Vascular Clamp	Occluding blood vessels during surgery
40	Bronchoscope	Examining the bronchial passages
41	Dermal Curette	Removing skin lesions
42	Catheters	Introducing and draining fluids
43	Myringotomy Knife	Incising the eardrum for drainage
44	Uterine Sound	Measuring uterine depth
45	Thoracic Trocar	Inserting chest tubes
46	Epiostomy Scissors	Incising during childbirth
47	Tissue Scissors	Cutting and dissecting delicate tissues
48	Vein Stripper	Removing varicose veins
49	Hernia Clamp	Repairing hernias
50	Endocervical Curette	Scraping the cervical canal
51	Bone Chisel	Cutting or shaping bone during orthopedic procedures
52	Hemostat	Controlling bleeding during surgery
53	Suture Driver	Passing sutures through tissues or anatomical structures
54	Dermatome	Precise cutting of thin skin slices for transplantation procedures

Categorization of Surgical Tools

Basically, surgical instruments are categorized into four types: tools of all kinds such as common operating room instruments, basic surgical instruments, and general surgical instruments.

Practically, the categorization depends on the use of the instruments covering all 54 essential surgical instruments.

Let’s discuss each category with some examples.

Cutting and Dissecting Instruments

These instruments are specifically designed to make precise incisions, dissect tissues, and separate structures. They primarily help surgeons reach the target area, remove diseased or damaged tissue, and perform complicated surgical procedures.

Some examples are as follows:

Scalpels/Blades

Scalpels are the most recognizable cutting instruments. They consist of a sharp, narrow blade with a handle that provides the surgeon with precise and controlled cutting ability. They come in various sizes and shapes to meet the differing needs of surgeons.

They primarily assist in making initial incisions, creating access points, and performing fine dissections.

Surgical Scissors

Scissors are versatile cutting instruments helpful in numerous surgical procedures, typically consisting of two opposing blades with sharp edges, which can either be curved or straight.

Surgical scissors come in various variations; the finer blades are ideal for delicate dissections, while larger ones help cut tough tissues or sutures.

The common types of surgical scissors include dissecting scissors, operating scissors, and Mayo scissors.

Surgical Knives

Surgical knives are specialized cutting instruments used for deep, precise incisions. These knives have sharp, pointed blades with a handle allowing for controlled grip.

The blades are typically removable, allowing for easy replacement per the requirements of medical professionals.

They are primarily helpful in procedures that require deep tissue access, such as organ cuts or tumor removals.

Surgical Rongeurs

Rongeurs are robust surgical instruments used to remove small bone fragments or soft tissue during surgery. They have sharp, cupped tips enabling the surgeon to grasp and extract small pieces of bone or tissue.

These specialized tools are commonly used in orthopedic, neurosurgical, and cranio-maxillofacial procedures.

Other cutting and dissecting instruments used in medical procedures include electrocautery, dermatomes, and curettes. Mastering the right technique for using these instruments is crucial for surgeons to yield optimal results and ensure successful surgical interventions.

Grasping and Holding Instruments

Among the 54 essential surgical instruments, some fall under the category of grasping and holding instruments. These general surgical tools are critical for manipulating and holding tissues, organs, or other materials during medical procedures.

Surgeons can utilize these instruments to grasp, hold, and maneuver delicate structures with improved precision and control. This way, they help achieve optimal visibility, gain access to target areas, and facilitate various operations.

Let’s take a look at some examples of grasping and holding instruments.

Forceps

These are the most common grasping and holding instruments used by medical professionals. Surgical forceps consist of two opposing arms connected at a pivot point with handles for control. Various forms, sizes, and designs are available, such as tissue forceps that have serrated surfaces for a better grip and dressing forceps with a smooth surface for holding dressings and sutures.

Common types include Adson forceps, DeBakey forceps, and Allis forceps. Another subtype is hemostatic forceps, used for larger tissues and vessels.

Surgical Retractors

Retractors are instruments for holding or separating tissues or organs apart. Primarily, they enable surgeons to achieve optimal visibility and access to the surgical area.

There are three main types of surgical retractors: handheld retractors, self-retaining retractors, and specialized retractors for specific anatomical areas. By gently pulling back tissues, these instruments provide increased visibility and allow the surgeon to work more efficiently.

Needle Holder: Suture Tools

Needle holders or needle drivers are specially designed common operating room instruments that aid in holding and manipulating surgical needles during suture procedures. These instruments have a clamping mechanism that securely holds the needle, allowing the surgeon to suture accurately.

Essentially, needle holders provide a secure grip and precise movement, reducing the risk of needle slippage. Common types include Mayo-Hegar needle holders, Mathieu needle holders, and Castroviejo needle holders.

Hemostatic Instruments: Essential Tools for Controlling Bleeding

Hemostatic instruments belong to the 54 essential surgical instruments. They help medical professionals control bleeding during surgical interventions.

Their specialized design aims to achieve hemostasis, stop or control bleeding, ensure a clear surgical field, and minimize the risk of excessive blood loss.

Hemostatic instruments are useful in various surgical specialties, enabling surgeons to manage bleeding effectively and enhance patient safety.

Let’s review some instruments from this category.

Hemostats: Clamping Tools

Hemostatic or artery forceps are versatile and essential instruments for controlling bleeding. They feature interlocking handles and opposing jaws with serrated surfaces that securely grip blood vessels or tissues. They are available in straight and curved variants.

Examples of common hemostats include

Clamps: Occluding Blood Vessels and Tissues

Clamps are specialized hemostatic instruments that help occlude blood vessels or tissues to stop blood flow and control bleeding. These instruments are useful in various surgical procedures such as vascular surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, and obstetrics.

Common examples of clamps include bulldog clamps, Satinsky clamps, and Kocher clamps.

Ligature Carriers

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Ligature carriers are instruments designed for securely tying off blood vessels. These basic surgical instruments consist of a long, slender shaft with a curved or straight tip. Their ergonomic structure facilitates guiding and manipulating sutures.

Ligature carriers are mainly beneficial for ligating small or delicate blood vessels. Common types of these hemostatic instruments include Ryder needle holders, Schaeffer ligature carriers, and Fergusson ligature carriers.

Retracting Instruments: For Visibility and Access in Surgery

Retracting instruments are crucial in surgical procedures to ensure optimal visibility and access to the surgical area. These specially designed instruments hold, separate, and retract tissues or organs, allowing surgeons to navigate complex anatomical structures.

Ultimately, retracting instruments enhance surgical precision and facilitate a more controlled surgical intervention.

Retractors: Exposing the Surgical Field

Retractors also belong to the 54 essential surgical instruments. They have specialized designs to hold and expose tissues or organs, providing better access to the surgical field.

These surgical tools are available in various shapes, sizes, and designs to cater to different surgical needs.

Handheld retractors, like Richardson retractors or Army-Navy retractors, are manually held to maintain tissue retraction. Self-retaining retractors, like Gelpi retractors or Weitlaner retractors, feature a ratchet mechanism that holds the blades in place, eliminating the need for continuous manual holding.

Rib Spreaders: Opening the Thoracic Cavity

Rib spreaders are designed for use in thoracic procedures to gently separate the ribs and create access to the thoracic cavity.

By holding the ribs apart, these instruments enable surgeons to perform surgeries such as lung resections, heart surgeries, and mediastinal examinations.

Common examples of rib spreaders include sternum retractors, Finochietto retractors, and Cooley retractors.

Abdominal Retractors: Exposing the Abdominal Cavity

Abdominal retractors are specially designed to provide access to the abdominal cavity during abdominal procedures. These retractors assist in holding back abdominal muscles and other tissues, allowing surgeons to perform surgeries such as abdominal examinations, organ resections, and hernia repairs.

Some common examples include Bookwalter retractors, Thompson retractors, and Balfour retractors.

Surgical Hooks

Surgical hooks are general surgical instruments used for manipulating and retracting delicate tissues. Their hook or curved tip allows surgeons to lift or retract tissues without causing damage.

Primarily, surgical hooks are useful in plastic surgery, neurosurgery, or ophthalmic surgery.

Summary!

Surgical instruments are essential in every medical procedure. In this guide to 54 essential surgical instruments, we have explored all the important types of surgical tools.

Each of the aforementioned common operating room instruments, basic surgical instruments, and general surgical instruments has its specialty.

The question is, are all instruments reliable? If so, how?

Well, the quality and craftsmanship of a surgical instrument determine whether it is reliable or not. But where do we get the quality product?

We at GerMedUSA have been manufacturing and supplying all types of surgical instruments for over three decades.

Whether you need surgical equipment for your clinic, personal practice, or hospital, we can offer you individual items and bulk orders.
Decide what you need, surf through our website, and place your order today.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are our surgical instruments made of?

All our surgical instruments are made from high-quality materials, such as surgical-grade German stainless steel, titanium, and tungsten carbide. These materials make our instruments more durable, sterilizable for reuse, and resistant to corrosion.

Do we offer variations of our surgical instruments?

Yes, almost all of our surgical instruments are available in multiple size and design variations. Additionally, we offer customizations for our products to meet the specific requirements of medical professionals.

Why should you buy from GerMedUSA?

Our years of experience and the trust we’ve gained from healthcare professionals make us stand out from the crowd. We manufacture each of our products with the needs and requirements of our medical professionals in mind.