The Ultimate Guide to Choosing Hydraulic Motor Manufacturer

Looking for a Vivoil hydraulic motor for your project? Here’s a guide to help you identify the optimal component for your situation, with tips for choosing the right motor type and options. Also find our suggestions for installing it, keeping it running well, and special applications.

If you want to learn more, please visit our website.

What is a hydraulic motor and what is it used for

The hydraulic motor is a component that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy (as opposed to the hydraulic pump, which, on the other hand, converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy). To learn more, read our article on the difference between hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors.

How to choose the hydraulic motor for your project

The first step in choosing the right component is to identify the best type of motor for your project, based on the mode of operation. In fact, components of this type fall into two main types: unidirectional motors and reversible motors (also called bidirectional or bi-directional).  Here are their characteristics and when to use them.

Beware of imitation!

Imitation motors of ours, produced by companies with which we have no relationship, are for sale on the market. To recognize our original products from counterfeit ones, check:

• the label (all Vivoil products since have a label that is very difficult to remove)
• the trademark (all our components are engraved with the VIVOLO trademark)

If in doubt, we are available to assess through photos whether these are our own products or unauthorized copies.

Four dimensional groups

Having chosen the type of motor (unidirectional or reversible), move on to the dimensional group.  To determine the most suitable group for your project, you must take into account:

• Input and output flow rate
• Rotational speed to be obtained on the shaft
• Working pressures
• Any specific requests for the type of attachment

From these parameters, you can select the most suitable size group.  The motors in the Vivoil range are divided into 4 groups:

• Group 0 (displacement 0.45 cm3/rev — 2.28 cm3/rev, rotational speed up to rpm, maximum pressures achieved up to 280 bar)
• Group 1 (displacement 0.91 cm3/rev — 9.88 cm3/rev, rotational speed up to rpm, maximum pressures achieved up to 300 bar)
• Group 2 (displacement 4.2 cm3/rev — 39.6 cm3/rev, rotational speeds up to rpm, maximum pressures up to 300 bar)
• Group 3 (displacement 14.89 cm3/rev — 86.87 cm3/rev, rotational speeds up to rpm, maximum pressures up to 320 bar)

Customize your hydraulic motor

Once you have defined the direction of rotation and identified the size group, you can customize your motor according to the connections to be provided, choosing from:

• several front flanges
• several shafts,
• Different input ports and output ports both in position (in the two heads or in the motor body) and in type

Find the main variants on the page devoted to unidirectional motors and on the page devoted to reversible motors.

Here are some of the most commonly used customizations:

Flange and shaft

It is important to remember that shafts can only be applied to certain types of flanges. Therefore, by choosing a certain type of flange, you will have the option of selecting only certain types of shafts. In our catalogs you will find the possible combinations.

Drainage

In reversible motors, the standard drainage is external and serves to protect the oil seal from counterpressure that would cause it to eject. In unidirectional motors, on the other hand, standard drainage is internal.

This implies that the outlet pressure must be less than the resistance of the oil seal. Clearly, it is necessary that the pressure present in the drain not exceed the sealing pressure of the oil seal.

In unidirectional motors you can also opt for external drainage, but this is a special customization, not the standard and requires a dedicated code. In case, please contact us.

Reinforced oil seal

The reinforced oil seal consists of a supporting metal washer.

It represents the standard in Vivoil motors and is applied as often as there is sufficient space, raising the back pressure it can withstand, from 0.6 bar of the standard oil seal to 6 bar.

Excluded from this version are:

• All group 0 motors
• Group 1 motors centering ø32 for CF001 shaft, centering ø30 and ø50.8 mm
• Group 2 motors centering ø52 for CF001 shaft

Other particular solutions

In addition to the customizations just seen, you can also plan for:

1 – The support with bearings

It increases resistance to radial and axial loads. It is recommended when objects with high masses are to be rotated.

2 – Anti-cavitation valve

It is used when it is necessary to prevent, even unintentionally, the motor from rotating in the opposite direction than intended.

It can therefore be applied only in unidirectional motors.
It prevents, for example, bouncing related to inertial loads.

Also, in case the outlet is blocked, it allows the motor to rotate by sending oil back into the motor inlet (bypass).

3 – Pressure relief valve

Limits the pressure at the load of the hydraulic motor and protects it from damage caused by pressure spikes.

4 – Anti-cavitation valve + relief valve

It combines the effects of both options. Clearly, even this mode is only possible in unidirectional motors.

5 – Speed controller

It allows direct control of the rotational speed of the motor shaft by operating a cutoff on the flow rate.

6 – External drainage for unidirectional motors

It is used to preserve the internal seals of the motor from pressure in the drain line. Normally, the use of a reversible motor is suggested.

7 – Fan drive

System that includes, in the motor itself, flow and pressure control systems that, through interpreted signals, allow action in response to adjust the speed and possibly the direction of rotation.

It is normally applied to cooling fans.

8 – Double cross relief valve

System that allows the presence of a pressure-limiting valve for each direction of rotation.

9 – High pressure shaft seal

A different solution from the standard oil seal, it is in fact an oil seal with a higher pressure seal whose value depends on the size group: up to 20-25 bar continuous at rpm.

This value decreases as the rotation speed increases.

It is recommended in unidirectional motors with drainage pressures up to 25 bar and in reversible motors for drainage pressure up to 25 bar.

Currently, it is available on Group 1, 2 and 3 motors.

10 – VITON® Seals

They are elastomers other than normal NBR, which have better properties and resistance to high temperatures.

11 – Electric bypass valve

It deflect oil flow from the inlet directly to the motor exhaust. The valve is actuated by an external electrical signal.

To learn more about when and how to use these options, read our guide to special solutions for Vivoil motors. 

If you want to learn more, please visit our website KICAN.

How to install the Vivoil motor and directions for use

Having chosen the motor, here are the steps to install it and some tips for its maintenance.

Hydraulic motor maintenance and repair

To check the proper operation of the hydraulic motor you have installed, we recommend:

• Keep the outer surface clean, especially in the drive shaft  seal area, because abrasive dust can accelerate seal wear and cause leaks
• Change filters regularly to keep the fluid clean
• Check the oil level and replace it periodically, depending on the operating conditions of the system

How to replace the Vivoil component you already have with a new one

Vivoil motors have labels identifying the product so you can request a replacement if needed. If you have a Vivoil motor from the old KV series that has come to the end of its life and you need to replace it with a new one, you can choose a motor from the new series. If you have any difficulties, we are available to help you with correct identification.

Most common problems in motor use

The most common problems that can occur using a hydraulic motor are:

Ejection of the shaft seal

The shaft seal is a seal located near the shaft. When the pressure on the drain is too great or when the motor supply is in the wrong direction or the drain pressure exceeds the maximum allowed, this seal can break or come off. To solve the problem, simply replace the damaged shaft seal with a new one. Want to learn more? Read our article on what are the most common causes in oil leaks in motors.

Shaft breakage

Each type of shaft has, by its shape and size characteristics, a torsional strength value that is given on the relevant catalog pages.

In the event that the motor works at excessive pressures or under significant cyclic loads, this can lead to shaft failure or, in the case of a tapered or parallel shaft, key failure.

In these cases, it is important to verify the correct assembly of the coupling and working conditions.

Breakage of the motor body

In the event that the motor operates at excessive pressures or under significant cyclic loads, it can result in body rupture. Available solutions include ports that have a greater capacity to withstand cyclic stresses.

Excessive temperatures

If the temperature exceeds the levels given in our catalogs, the motor may be damaged.

Dirt damage

The presence of impurities in the oil damages the internal surfaces of the motor to the point of worsening its operation/performance.

Drain port closure

The drain port, when present, must not be plugged.

Even when a reversible motor is used as a unidirectional motor.

This is because the unidirectional version of the rear cover includes a hole that connects the area behind the shaft seal to the outlet (i.e., a zero or very low-pressure area). If the drain port is blocked, the shaft seal will be pushed out.

If a reversible motor with a drain port is used as a unidirectional motor and you do not wish to connect the drain to the tank, the rear cover must be replaced, or the drain must be connected to a zero or low-pressure area (such as the tank).

When using motors in series, the version with external drainage must be used, and all drains must be properly connected to the tank.

Special applications of our motors (out of common use)

Here are some of the more special applications of our hydraulic motors:

More Hydraulic Motor Manufacturers

Hydraulic motors are advanced mechanical actuators that convert pressurized hydraulic fluid into rotational energy and torque, making them a vital component in modern engineering and industrial automation. Serving as the rotary counterpart to hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors—sometimes referred to as hydraulic drive motors—are indispensable across a diverse range of industries. Their robust design and ability to deliver high-pressure, high-torque output have made them essential in sectors such as construction, automotive manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, industrial manufacturing, military and defense, waste management, recycling, aerospace, marine operations, and the oil and energy industry. They provide the reliable power required in scenarios where traditional electric motors might fall short due to power, torque, or environmental constraints.

Do you need hydraulic power solutions for heavy-duty tasks? Understanding the right hydraulic motor for your application can be the key to maximizing efficiency and longevity in your equipment. Hydraulic motors are commonly used in high-performance settings, such as raising airplane wing flaps, powering industrial cranes, or driving conveyor belts in material handling systems. Their versatility extends to agitator and mixer drives, self-propelled cranes, drilling rigs, off-road vehicles, drum drives for industrial digesters, commercial-grade lawn trimmers, military vehicle propulsion, waste shredders, trench cutters, trommels, rotary kilns, excavators, marine winches, and plastic injection molding machines. This broad spectrum of use cases highlights their adaptability and the critical role they play in modern hydraulics and fluid power systems.

History of Hydraulic Motors

The evolution of hydraulic motors is closely tied to the progress of industrial automation and the development of fluid power technology. William Armstrong, an innovator during the Industrial Revolution, laid the groundwork for hydraulic engineering with his invention of a water-driven rotary engine. Although initially underutilized, Armstrong’s engine became a crucial prototype for future rotary actuators. His most notable achievements include the design of the hydraulic motor for the Swing Bridge over the River Tyne, which featured a three-cylinder, single-action engine capable of oscillating movement—an early precursor to today’s modern hydraulic rotary actuators.

Despite their ingenuity, Armstrong’s early designs were hindered by fixed strokes and non-adjustable valves, leading to inefficiencies such as constant water consumption regardless of load. This prompted further innovation by engineers like Arthur Rigg, who addressed these flaws by developing variable stroke hydraulic motors. In , Rigg patented a three-cylinder radial engine with a double eccentric mechanism for adjustable stroke length, significantly improving efficiency and operator control. These advancements set the stage for the widespread adoption of hydraulic power in applications such as cranes, bridges, kilns, hydraulic lifts, and metalworking machinery. Over the decades, continuous improvements in hydraulic system design, reliability, and energy efficiency have made hydraulic motors a cornerstone of modern industry.

Hydraulic Motor Design

Manufacturers engineer hydraulic motor components using high-strength metals—including steel, iron, and specialized alloys—to withstand the demanding operational environments of high-speed, high-pressure fluid systems. When evaluating hydraulic motor design, it is crucial to consider the integration of relief valves, fluid reservoirs, and hydraulic pumps, ensuring that each element is rated for strength, capacity, and compatibility with the hydraulic fluid and system pressures used.

Are you trying to determine the right hydraulic motor specifications for your application? Selecting the proper hydraulic fluid is just as important as the mechanical design: the fluid must be chemically stable, compatible with all internal components, and provide effective lubrication to minimize wear. Customizable design factors include starting, output, breakaway, and running torque; motor size and displacement; shaft and piston configuration; maximum fluid pressure tolerance; speed range; and resistance rating for harsh environments.

Modern hydraulic motors are also available in compact, modular, and explosion-proof designs for use in hazardous or space-constrained locations. Sealing technology, bearing selection, and surface treatments further enhance durability, extending service life and reducing maintenance requirements. As you evaluate hydraulic motor design options, consult with suppliers about custom configurations to meet unique project needs, such as extreme temperature resistance, underwater operation, or integration with smart sensors for predictive maintenance.

Features of Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic motors are built for reliability, efficiency, and flexibility. Key features include precision-machined enclosures to withstand high speeds and pressure, advanced sealing systems for leak prevention, and robust internal components designed for continuous operation. Relief valves protect against pressure spikes, while well-designed fluid reservoirs and pumps ensure smooth, consistent flow and efficient energy transfer. The choice of high-quality hydraulic fluid is vital to ensure chemical stability, metal compatibility, and optimal lubrication.

Customizable features are a hallmark of hydraulic motor engineering. Users can specify torque outputs, speed ranges, displacement, shaft orientation, and mounting options to suit virtually any application. Advanced hydraulic motors may incorporate integrated sensors for real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, and vibration—enabling predictive maintenance and minimizing downtime. For environments with strict emissions or contamination controls, manufacturers offer motors designed for use with biodegradable or low-toxicity hydraulic fluids, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability goals.

Are you looking for hydraulic motors with specific performance or environmental requirements? Contact manufacturers to discuss your operational needs and explore available customization options.

Types of Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic motors are available in several configurations, each optimized for specific industrial applications. The three primary types—vane, gear, and piston motors—are classified based on their internal rotating components and fluid flow mechanisms.

Vane motors feature a rotor with sliding vanes housed inside an eccentric bore. As pressurized fluid enters the chamber, it creates a force differential that moves the vanes in and out, causing the rotor to spin. While typically less efficient than piston motors, vane motors are valued for their economical cost, smooth operation, and consistent torque delivery. They are frequently used in conveyor systems, material handling, and medium-duty industrial machinery where reliability and affordability are key.

Gear motors, also known as hydraulic gear motors, utilize meshing gears—a driver and an idler—to transfer hydraulic energy. High-pressure fluid enters one side, flows around the gear periphery, and exits through the outlet port, causing the gears to rotate and generate mechanical energy. Their robust construction and straightforward design make them ideal for rugged industrial settings such as agricultural equipment, forestry machinery, and mobile hydraulic systems. Gear motors excel at high-speed operation and are easy to maintain, making them a popular choice for OEMs and equipment manufacturers.

Piston motors come in axial and radial designs. Axial piston motors use a series of pistons arranged in a circular pattern around a central axis, providing precise control of fluid flow and pressure. Radial piston motors, in contrast, feature pistons radiating around a centrally balanced shaft, allowing for high starting torque and efficient operation at low speeds. These motors are frequently found in heavy-duty construction equipment, marine winches, drilling rigs, and high-performance industrial presses.

Beyond the core categories, specialized hydraulic motors have been developed for demanding or niche applications. Examples include hydraulic wheel motors, high-speed hydraulic motors, high-torque hydraulic motors, and gerotor motors.

• Hydraulic wheel motors are integrated directly into wheel hubs, transmitting hydraulic power for efficient vehicle or machinery propulsion. Their direct-drive design delivers smooth, controlled rotation and enables advanced mobility solutions, particularly for construction vehicles, off-road machinery, and autonomous robotic platforms.
• High-speed hydraulic motors are engineered for applications that demand rapid rotation and efficient energy conversion, such as industrial fans, centrifugal pumps, and fast-moving production lines.
• High-torque hydraulic motors—often called low-speed high-torque (LSHT) motors—are designed to maximize torque at low rotational speeds, making them ideal for heavy lifting, winching, or applications requiring slow, deliberate movement under load.
• Gerotor motors, or generated rotor motors, use an inner and outer rotor configuration for compact, pistonless operation. Their simple yet robust design provides versatility and reliability in both mobile and stationary hydraulic systems.

Curious about which hydraulic motor type fits your project? Explore our in-depth guides or contact a hydraulic motor specialist to discuss your application, speed, and torque requirements.

Applications of Hydraulic Motors

The versatility of hydraulic motors makes them indispensable in a wide variety of industries and applications. Here are some of the most common use cases where hydraulic motors deliver exceptional value:

• Construction Equipment: Hydraulic motors power excavators, backhoes, bulldozers, and cranes, enabling precise control and high force for lifting, digging, and moving heavy materials.
• Agricultural Machinery: Tractors, harvesters, balers, and sprayers utilize hydraulic motors for efficient operation in field conditions, supporting attachments like augers, tillers, and conveyors.
• Material Handling: Conveyors, forklifts, and automated storage systems rely on hydraulic motors for reliable, heavy-load movement and positioning.
• Mining & Drilling: Hydraulic motors drive drilling rigs, rock crushers, and underground mining equipment where high torque and rugged durability are essential.
• Marine & Offshore: Winches, thrusters, and steering systems in ships, offshore platforms, and underwater vehicles are often powered by robust hydraulic motors for dependable performance in harsh environments.
• Manufacturing & Automation: Presses, injection molding machines, mixers, and robotic arms use hydraulic motors for precise, repeatable motion and high production throughput.
• Forestry & Logging: Hydraulic motors enable efficient operation of saws, chippers, and log loaders in challenging outdoor settings.
• Recycling & Waste Management: Shredders, compactors, and balers depend on hydraulic motors for the high-force operations required to process recyclable materials and waste.
• Military & Defense: Armored vehicles, mobile weapon systems, and support machinery use hydraulic motors for propulsion, turret rotation, and specialized hydraulic actuation tasks.
• Aerospace: Aircraft wing flaps, landing gear, and cargo bay doors employ hydraulic motors for safe and precise actuation under high loads.

Looking for real-world examples of hydraulic motor applications? Browse our case studies or request a custom application analysis from our technical team.

Advantages of Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic motors offer significant advantages over alternative actuators, such as electric motors, pneumatic actuators, and internal combustion engines. Understanding these benefits can help you make informed purchasing decisions and optimize your equipment for performance and efficiency.

• High Torque at Low Speed: Hydraulic motors are unrivaled in their ability to deliver large amounts of torque even at low rotational speeds. This makes them ideal for heavy-duty tasks like lifting, winching, or moving massive loads—applications where electric motors would require costly gear reductions or oversized components.
• Compact Size and Power Density: Hydraulic motors pack a substantial amount of power into a relatively small footprint, saving valuable space and reducing overall equipment weight.
• Variable Speed and Direction: With precise control over fluid flow and pressure, hydraulic motors offer seamless speed and direction adjustment, supporting complex motion profiles and automation protocols.
• Rugged Durability: Built to withstand harsh environments, shock loads, and continuous operation, hydraulic motors are well-suited for outdoor, mobile, and demanding industrial applications.
• Energy Efficiency and Recovery: Hydraulic systems can efficiently recover and reuse energy, minimizing waste and lowering operating costs—especially important in large-scale industrial or mobile machinery.
• Eco-Friendly Fluid Options: Many modern hydraulic motors are compatible with biodegradable or low-toxicity hydraulic fluids, supporting sustainability and reduced environmental impact compared to internal combustion engines.

Comparing electric vs. hydraulic motors or pneumatic vs. hydraulic actuators? Use our product comparison tool or reach out to our engineering team for a detailed performance analysis tailored to your use case.

Accessories for Hydraulic Motors

Maximizing the performance, reliability, and safety of your hydraulic system hinges on the proper selection and integration of accessories. Essential accessories for hydraulic motors include:

• Motor Seal Kits: Prevent leaks and maintain system pressure by ensuring all seals and gaskets are in optimal condition.
• Pump Seal Kits: Support efficient fluid transfer and reduce the risk of pump failure due to leaks or contamination.
• Check Valves: Ensure one-way fluid flow, preventing backflow and maintaining pressure stability within the hydraulic circuit.
• High-Pressure Tubing and Hoses: Connect hydraulic components while minimizing pressure loss and safeguarding against leaks or bursts under high loads.
• Pumps: Gear, vane, or piston pumps generate the hydraulic fluid flow and pressure required for motor operation. The right pump selection is critical for matching flow rate, pressure, and efficiency requirements.
• Hydraulic Fluids: The correct hydraulic fluid supports efficient power transmission, lubrication, and corrosion protection. Fluid selection should consider temperature range, viscosity, and compatibility with system materials.

Need help choosing the right hydraulic accessories? Consult with certified hydraulic distributors or manufacturers, providing detailed system specifications to ensure component compatibility. Many suppliers also offer expert guidance, installation, and ongoing maintenance support to help optimize your hydraulic system’s performance and lifespan.

Proper Care for Hydraulic Motors

Consistent maintenance is crucial for maximizing the lifespan and operational efficiency of hydraulic motors. A best-practices maintenance program includes:

• Regular Inspections: Check for leaks, damaged hoses, worn seals, and other visible signs of wear or malfunction.
• System Cleanliness: Prevent contamination by keeping hydraulic fluid, reservoirs, and filters clean and free from particulates or water ingress.
• Fluid Monitoring: Maintain fluid levels and regularly test for quality, viscosity, and contamination, adhering to manufacturer recommendations.
• Lubrication: Ensure all moving parts are adequately lubricated to minimize friction and wear, using the correct fluid type.
• Scheduled Maintenance: Follow the manufacturer’s suggested maintenance intervals for filter changes, seal replacements, and system checks.
• Operator Training: Train personnel to recognize abnormal operating conditions and to use the hydraulic system within its designed limits.

Adhering to these maintenance practices boosts reliability, reduces unplanned downtime, extends equipment lifespan, and ensures safety in your operations. Many hydraulic system failures can be traced to neglected maintenance or improper operation—investing in regular care is a cost-effective strategy for ensuring long-term equipment value and performance.

Seeking a maintenance checklist or troubleshooting guide for your hydraulic motor? Download our free resources or contact our support team for expert assistance.

Standards for Hydraulic Motors

Compliance with industry standards is critical for ensuring the safety, performance, and interoperability of hydraulic motors. In North America and globally, several organizations set and enforce standards for hydraulic systems and components:

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Regulates workplace safety for hydraulic equipment, helping prevent accidents and injuries.
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Establishes standards for safe design, installation, and operation of hydraulic systems, including fire prevention and emergency procedures.
• Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): Develops detailed technical standards for hydraulic motor performance, design, and testing procedures, ensuring compatibility and reliability across products.
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Oversees and accredits voluntary consensus standards, ensuring transparency and broad stakeholder input in the creation of hydraulic industry guidelines.
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Publishes globally recognized standards covering hydraulic motor performance, dimensions, testing, and safety, facilitating international trade and quality assurance.

Why choose certified hydraulic motors? Compliance with these standards guarantees that hydraulic motors are safe, reliable, and compatible with other system components. Non-compliance can expose manufacturers and users to safety risks, equipment failures, legal liability, product recalls, and reputational damage. For buyers, selecting certified products means reduced risk of integration issues, lower maintenance costs, and greater confidence in operational performance.

Are you looking for hydraulic motors with specific certifications or standards compliance? Use our advanced search filters to find products that meet OSHA, NFPA, SAE, ANSI, or ISO standards—ensuring your purchase aligns with industry best practices and regulatory requirements.

Purchasing Hydraulic Motors

Purchasing the right hydraulic motor is a strategic investment that can drive efficiency, reduce downtime, and enhance the performance of your equipment. To ensure you select the optimal solution:

• Evaluate Supplier Experience: Partner with suppliers with proven expertise, extensive product catalogs, and a track record of successful hydraulic motor installations.
• Assess Product Quality: Look for manufacturers who offer high-quality, durable products meeting your required standards and specifications.
• Consider Delivery and Support: Choose suppliers who can meet your budget and timeline, offer reliable delivery, and provide robust after-sales support, including spare parts and hydraulic repair services.
• Review Customization Options: Engage suppliers who can tailor hydraulic motor features or accessories to match your unique application or environmental requirements.
• Check for Compliance and Warranty: Ensure products meet relevant standards and come with comprehensive warranties or service agreements.

How can you find the best hydraulic motor manufacturer for your needs? Start by exploring the hydraulic motor manufacturers listed on this page. Each provider is an industry specialist, offering a combination of technical expertise, product variety, and customer support. For best results, identify three or four potential suppliers, request detailed quotes, and discuss your specific requirements—including torque, speed, mounting, and environmental factors. Compare their offerings, responsiveness, and support capabilities to determine the ideal partner for your project.